jewelry wholesale website What is EPC

wholesale large pendants for jewelry making EPC
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EPC has multiple meanings:
The project general contract
clothing e -commerce joint meeting
n Electronic accessories directory
laptops
4G core network
Disappearing mold casting
event driving
contract energy
N1 project general contract
▪ Overview
▪ Model advantage
▪ Basic features
▪ Contract form
▪ Promotion basis
Resource planning
▪ Project review
▪ illustration
2 clothing e -commerce joint meeting
▪ Organization name
▪ Organization structure
▪ Funding source
▪ Member recruitment
3 Product electronic code
▪ Overview
▪ Coding
▪ n ▪ The Internet of Things n ▪ Application advantage n4 car accelerator r r r r r r r r r r r
5 Electronic accessories
6 digital EPC
74G core network
8 Disappearing mold casting
▪ Overview
▪ Craft process
▪ Main features
▪ Application range
▪ Development characteristics
▪ Development direction
9 event driver
10 contract energy
1 edge position control
1 Engineering general contracting
Overview
epc () Refers to the company's entrusted by the company, and in accordance with the contract, the whole process or a certain stage of contracting the design, procurement, construction, trial operation, etc. Under the condition of the total price contract, the company is responsible for the quality, safety, cost and progress of the contracting project.
In the EPC mode, it includes not only specific design work, but also the overall planning of the entire construction project content and the planning and specific work of organizational management of the entire construction project; it is not the procurement of construction equipment materials in the general sense. And more refers to the procurement of professional equipment and materials; it should be translated as "construction", and its content includes construction, installation, testing, technical training, etc.
mode of mode
In terms of traditional contracting model, the EPC general contracting model has the following three basic advantages:
(1) Emphasizing and giving full play to the leading role of design in the entire project construction process Essence The emphasis and performance of the leading role of design in the entire project construction process is conducive to the continuous optimization of the overall plan of engineering project construction.
(2) Effectively overcome the contradiction between designing, procurement, construction, and disconnection of each other, which is conducive to the reasonable connection of the work of design, procurement, and construction. The project contracting contract stipulates to ensure better investment benefits.
(3) The main body of the construction engineering quality responsibility is clear, which is conducive to the responsibility of engineering quality responsibility and determining the quality responsibility of the project.
Basic features
The aforementioned basic advantages of the construction engineering contracting model based on the EPC general contracting model, the basic characteristics of the construction project, can be summarized as:
(1) In the EPC general contracting mode, The contractor (owner) should not be too strictly controlled by the general contractor, but should give the general contractor a greater freedom of work in the construction of construction projects. For example, the contractor (owner) should not review most of the construction drawings and should not check each construction process. What the contractor (owner) needs to do is to understand the progress of the project, whether the quality of the project meets the contract requirements, and whether the construction results can ultimately meet the functional standards of the construction project specified in the contract.
(2) The management of the contractor (owner) generally adopts two ways to manage the EPC general contracting project: the process control mode and post -post supervision mode.
(1), the so -called process control mode refers to the various aspects of the contractor (owner) hiring the supervisory engineer supervision of the general contractor "design, procurement, construction" and issuing a payment certificate. The contractor (owner) intervened in the management process of the project implementation process through the supervision of the supervision engineers. The "Production Equipment and Design -Construction Contract Conditions (1999)" compiled by FIDIC is this model.
(2), the so -called post -after -to -post supervision mode refers to the management of the contractor (owner) generally does not intervene in the management process of the project, but in the completion and acceptance process, it is relatively strict. Supervise. The "design, procurement, construction contract condition (1999 first edition)" compiled by FIDIC is this model.
(3) The general contractor of the EPC general contracting project is responsible for the entire process of "design, procurement, and construction" of construction projects, the quality of all professional subcontractors of construction projects and all professional subcontractors of construction projects and the construction projects. responsibility. That is, the general contractor is the first responsible person of the EPC general contracting project.
The contract form
EPC general contracting mode in practice in practice.
In the EPC general contracting model, the general contractor is responsible for the entire construction project, but it does not mean that the general contractor must personally complete the entire construction project. Except for the law clearly stipulated that the work that the general contractor must complete, the remaining general contractors can adopt a professional subcontracting method. In practice, the general contractor will often use the enriched project management experience, according to the different scale, types and owners' requirements of the project, and use the work of subcontracting (manufacturing), construction, and installation to professionalism to the professional Subcontractor. Therefore, in the EPC general contracting mode, its contract structure form is usually manifested as the following forms:
(1) Traffic key general contracting;
(2) Design-Purchasing General Contract (E-P);
(3) Purchasing-General Contracting (P-C);
(4) Design-General Contracting (D-B);
(5) Construction-Transfer (BT) and other related models. The most common are the three forms of (1), (four), and (5).
The general contracting of the traffic key refers to the design, procurement, and construction general contract. The general contractor eventually submits an engineering project that meets the use function and has the conditions of use. This model is a typical EPC general contracting model.
The general contracting of design and construction refers to the general contracting enterprise of engineering in accordance with the contract, undertake the design and construction of the project, and is fully responsible for the quality, safety, construction period, and cost of the contracting project. In this model, the procurement of building materials, construction equipment and other construction materials involved in the construction project is completed by the contractor (owner).
The general contracting of construction and transfer refers to the commissioned by the general contractor of the project with investment and financing capabilities to achieve the overall process of the entire process of investigation, design, procurement, construction, and trial operation in accordance with the contract. At the same time The general contractor undertakes all the investment of the project by himself. After the completion of the project is qualified and delivered to use, the owner pays the total contract price to the general contractor of the project.
This basis for promotion is based on the legal and policies and rules of the promotion of the general contracting model in my country.
Legal basis: In order to strengthen the integration of international conventions, overcome the traditional "design-procurement-construction" separation contract model and further promote the general contracting system of the project, the current "Architecture Law" in my country is stipulated in Article 24: "Promote the general contracting of construction engineering, and prohibit the disintegration of construction engineering. The contracting unit of the construction project can be packed to a general contracting unit for the survey, design, construction, and equipment procurement of construction engineering. , One or multiple issues of design, construction, equipment procurement to a general contracting unit of engineering; however, the construction project that should not be completed by a contracting unit shall be dismembered into several parts of the contracting units. "The Construction Law" "Construction Law" This regulation provides specific legal basis for the implementation of the general contracting model of the EPC project in my country's construction market.
This policies and regulations: In order to further implement the relevant provisions of Article 24 of the Construction Law, on February 13, 2003, the Ministry of Construction promulgated [2003] No. 30 "on the cultivation of general contracting and engineering of development engineering and engineering The guidance of project management enterprises, in this regulation, the Ministry of Construction clearly promotes the EPC general contracting model as a major general contracting model of engineering.
Cuel control
EPC contracting mode in the implementation phase of the project cost control.
EPC contracted mode, the reasonable determination and effective control of engineering cost are important.
In the implementation of the project, the general contracting unit shall be stationed in an experienced cost engineer to control the cost at the construction site. According to the preliminary design budget, the majors will be decomposed to formulate the control goals of each part. The design and preliminary design of the construction drawing may be some of them in the selection of some materials and equipment, and the cost engineers should be found to be solved early. Control cost control through design modification. Specific measures include:
1. The construction unit is determined by bidding and bidding
project bidding and bidding system is an effective means for the general contracting unit to control the cost of control projects. The bidding and bidding can improve the economic benefits of the project and ensure the quality of the construction project. To shorten the return cycle of construction investment, the total contracting unit can make full use of the effective means of bidding and bid for engineering cost control.
2. Effective contract management control price
The construction contract is the basis for the cost control during the construction stage. The use of the contract review system can enable the various departments of the general contracting unit to clearly sign a strict construction contract for responsibilities, which can reasonably transfer the general contracting risk and strengthen the management of the contract during construction to ensure the rationality and legitimacy of the contract cost, reduce the legality, reduce Perform disputes between Both parties and B in the contract, safeguard the interests of both parties in the contract, and effectively control the cost of engineering. Fidic (Fidic) contract terms have a certain scientific, rationality, and fairness. It is a favorable weapon for contract management and controlling costs, which can be used for reference.
3, strictly control design changes and on -site visas
This Due to the omissions of the design drawings and the ever -changing on -site conditions, design changes and on -site visas are inevitable. The general contracting unit has strictly designing the visa approval process, strengthening the review and supervision of the volume and content of the design change project, and changing the procedures for settlement before construction before. The changes in the contract price are made. During the construction process, the cost engineer should go deep into the site to check the construction situation, understand the relevant situation of the collection project, keep the construction dynamics in time, continuously adjust the control goals, provide a basis for the final project summary, and do the necessary preparations. If the design changes caused by the owner, you should also ask the owner to claim in time.
The proportion of equipment and materials costs in the entire project cost is very large, and the procurement work has an important role in reducing the cost of reducing the entire engineering project. Materials and equipment procurement control is one of the important factors of the success or failure of the EPC project. Not only should we choose the price of the goods itself, but also comprehensively analyze a series of problems related to the price related to the price. Using the situation and interest rates, interest rates, etc., choose a reasonable payment method and payment currency; according to the investigation of the funds and reputation of the supply manufacturer, choose a reliable supply manufacturer. In short, we must do everything possible to resolve risks, reduce losses, and increase benefits to reduce the cost of the entire project.
4, the cost control of the completion stage of the EPC project
In the project is completed, the general contracting unit will timely compile the final accounts of the completion, and the newspaper owner is approved. At the same time, when reviewing the subcontracting settlement, insist on working in accordance with the contract, and strictly control the costs outside the project budget. The workload that has not been completed in accordance with the drawings and the construction visas that have not been implemented in accordance with the regulations will be checked; the costs that the contract clauses are clearly included are the costs included in the risk fee. Good review. Collecting and accumulating project cost information is prepared for the next bid quotation. Each project is analyzed and compared with the project, and the difference between the analysis and design budget and the construction map budget in terms of engineering volume.
A resource planning
The overall resource planning of the project.
EPC projects Investment in the project of project manpower, equipment, materials, machinery, technology, technology, funds and other resources. Some of them have their own internal resources. Essence During a certain period of time, due to the impact of certain objective factors, the number of resources that can be obtained is often limited. This exists on how to plan and use these limited resources reasonably. If the resource arrangement is unreasonable, the "peak" of resource demand may occur during some periods of the construction period, and the "trough" of resource demand will occur in another period of time. When the "peak" is very different from the "trough", if the amount of resource demand exceeds the maximum supply in some periods, it will cause "supply and in shortness to" and cause delay in construction period. When the demand for resource demand has a "low valley", a large backlog of resources may be caused. The imbalance of this resource consumption, and even the lack of resources at the extreme time will inevitably affect the realization of the project goals.
Therefore, in the early stage of the project, according to the project's goal requirements, the types and resources of the resources required for the project's goals should be analyzed. Project resource demand plan. The resource plan should serve the work progress plan, when it is required to be determined by the needs of the work progress plan. Therefore, before formulating the resource plan, there must be a scientific progress plan, and the basis for formulating the progress plan is that the work structure is decomposed. The more detailed and specific the work is divided, the easier the type and quantity of the required resources. After formulating the progress plan, we can allocate resources according to the requirements of the progress plan. Generally speaking, the project's resource plan includes human resource plans, material and equipment supply plans, and fund plans.
The post -project evaluation
In after the project is completed, the evaluation of the project is of great significance for the planning and implementation of similar projects in the future, which is often easy to ignore. After the project, the evaluation is generally carried out between the project operation phase and the end of the project after the project is completed. Its content includes project completion acceptance, post -project benefits, and post -project management. The completion and acceptance of the project and the post -evaluation of the project management are mainly targeted at the evaluation of the project process, and the post -project benefits are mainly corresponding to the preliminary planning of the project. Through the analysis and research of the project purpose, implementation process, benefits, effects, and influence, summarize the lessons and lessons of the two aspects of positive and negative aspects, so that the decision makers, managers and builders of the project have learned more scientific and reasonable Methods and strategies, improve the level of decision -making, management and construction, and improve the management services of projects in the future. It can be seen that after the project evaluation is a necessary and effective means to comprehensively improve project decision -making and project management level.
graphics
EPC project general contract management process and main process diagram:
1) EPC general contract construction model flow chart

EPC general contracting model construction project flow chart [1]
2) EPC general contracting construction model planning management flow chart

EPC general contract construction model plan management flow chart [1]
3) EPC general contract construction model implementation process management process chart r

EPC general contract construction model implementation process management flowchart [1]
4) EPC general contract construction model tracking and control process flowchart

EPC general contract construction model tracking and control process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process process Figure [1]
5) EPC general contracting construction model contract management and risk analysis flowchart

EPC general contract management and risk analysis flow drawing [1]
6) EPC general contracting construction Model bidding phase flowchart

EPC general contract construction model bidding phase flowchart [1]
2 clothing e -commerce joint editor
: EPC (EPC (E-PARTNER Club)
The purpose
Sessor e-commerce trends in the Chinese clothing industry
In the development of e-commerce in China's clothing industry

Organizational architecture
Slint members are divided into council and member units.
If membership units are composed of recommended e -commerce service providers, and can also absorb some high -quality clothing companies; member units for all e -commerce third -party service units and clothing enterprises; The institution is the chairman.
Molying the presidium of the joint meeting consisting of a representative (natural person) of the director unit. The number of members of the chairman is 9. The chairman is re -elected once a year.
The joint institutions of joint associations are secretariat.
The secretary -general of the joint association's secretariat was appointed by the presidium and set up for a full -time paid. Several staff members of the Joint Association Secretariat assisted the secretary -generals to handle daily affairs of the joint meeting.
The source of funds
The members need to pay the joint annual fee for joint conferences;
If joints can carry out self -employed business on the basis of membership voluntary according to membership unit resources.
member recruitment
If members' units adopt a "sponsorship system", that is, sponsors of more than two directors, after reviewing and approved by the joint presidium of the association, they can get the qualifications of the joint director unit;
The members of the joint association are open to register. Under the premise of voluntary, they provide real registration information to the joint secretaries.
3 Product Electronic Code Edit
Overview
EPC's full name is ProCT Code, which is called the product electronic code in Chinese. The EPC carrier is the RFID electronic label and use the Internet to realize the transmission of information. EPC aims to establish a global and open logo standard for each item to achieve the tracking and traceability of single -piece products globally, thereby effectively improving the level of supply chain management and reducing logistics costs. EPC is a complete, complex and comprehensive system.
EPC concept proposed a genius professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999 proposed the concept of EPC (ProCT CODE) open network (Internet of Things). Gillette Company, Coca -Cola, Wal -Mart, Federal Express, Nestlé, British Telecom, SAP, SUN, Philips, IBM Global 83 multinational companies have begun this development plan. In 2003, the scale of the scale of the technical system was completed, and in October 2003, the EPC Globle Global Organization promoted the application of EPC and the Internet of Things. EU, the United States, and Japan and other developed countries are fully promoting the application of EPC technology electronic label applications. The world's largest retailer, the United States Wal -Mart announced that starting in January 2005, the top 100 suppliers must use EPC electronic labels in the tray. In 2006, EPC electronic tags must be used in product packaging. Production companies and retail companies in the US Department of Defense, the United States, Europe, and Japan have formulated a plan for electronic labels from 2004 to 2005. [2]
Codes
The product electronic code (EPC coding) is a new generation of product coding system launched by international barcode organizations. The original product barcode is only a coding of product classification. The EPC code is an unique encoding of each single product to each product. The EPC encoding 96 -bit (binary) method is given. The 96 -bit EPC code can be given to 268 million companies. Each company can have 16 million products classified, and each type of product has 68 billion independent products codes. In the image Code.
EPC encoding principle:
1, uniqueness 2. Simple 3, scalability 4. Confidentuality and security
epc encoding attention:
1, manufacturer and product 2 、内嵌信息3、分类4、批量产品编码5、载体rnEPC编码结构：rnEPC编码数据结构标准规定了EPC数据结构的特征、格式、现有EAN.UCC系统中的GTIN、 SSCC, GLN, GRAI, GIAI, GSRN and NPC and EPC encoding methods. EPC encoding data structure standards are suitable for information processing and information exchange of products (items, trade projects, assets, locations, etc.) and services in all aspects of the global and domestic logistics supply chain.
tags
Sold product electronic tags (EPC tags) are composed of a small electronic chip and a soft antenna than one -fifth of rice grains. The electronic tags are as thin as paper. Small. EPC electronic tags can be detected at a distance of 1-6 meters. The electronic label can generally read and write information. Electronic tags are a mature technology. The EPC electronic tag is characterized by a global unified standard, and the price is very cheap. The EPC electronic label has the characteristics of uniform standards, significantly reduced prices, and interoperability with Internet information, so that the application of electronic labels is surging. In 2006, the global electronic label application will reach 60-80 billion pieces per year.
The Internet of Things
The IoT is defined as the combination of almost all technologies with computers and Internet technologies at present to realize the real -time sharing of the environment and status information and intelligent collection, transmission, processing, processing, processing, processing, and processing ,implement. In a broad sense, the application of information technology can be included in the category of the Internet of Things. EPC technology is also closely involved in it. Therefore, the Chinese IoT School and Enterprise Alliance believes that EPC has also played a catalyst in the Internet of Things promotion and accelerating the Internet of Things.
The effective combinations of the three elements of electronic tags (Radio Frequency), product electronic code, and Internet (Internet) are born to change the new network of world product production and sales management. A product with an electronic label with the only encoding of this product in the electronic label. When this product with labels via a reader, the information of this product will be transmitted to the designated computer through the Internet. This is a one. Full automatic product flow monitoring network. The EPC open network system (the Internet of Things) will fundamentally change the management level of the mobile monitoring of the mobile monitoring of product production, transportation, warehousing, and sales of products. The EPC Open Network (Internet of Things) is the construction of global items flow information transmission networks on the Internet. Many services have been developed on the Internet. These applications have begun to penetrate people's lives, such as emails, IP phones, online news, online games, and online games. These are the applications of the Internet. The EPC open network (Internet of Things) is also an application, but this application is an application that is closely integrated with product production and product sales.
The application advantages
EPC/RFID electronic tags are: 1. No contact reading 2. Reading from long distances 3. Dynamic reading 4. Dynamic reading 4. Multiple quantity, variety reading 5, labels without source 6 The advantages such as massive storage volume are unmatched by barcodes. Therefore, EPC electronic labeling technology can be used to realize digital warehouse management; and cooperate with EPC coding to make the stocks truly realize network management.
The application EPC/RFID technology in the warehouse management system can be achieved: 1. Dynamic in -depth in -depth management of goods; 2. greatly improve the accuracy of collecting and collection of the information records of the in -entry and exit storage; 3. Flexible sustainable development system; 4. The system can display the current inventory status at any time; Communication; 8. Easy -to -operate interface design will reduce the difficulty of inventory management; wait for many advantages.
The also developed in food traceability, livestock traceability, power management, smart home, personal health, smart campus, Ping An city, smart agriculture, smart economy, etc. all developed.
4 Automotive throttle editor
The load control of Shanghai Polo Polo car engine is controlled by the EPC device. EPC is the abbreviation of the English "Power Control". The Chinese meaning is an electronic throttle.
epc = Power Control (Power Control) in this system. Different from the previous method of controlling the throttle opening of the throttle, it is driven by DC motors throughout the adjustment range of the throttle.
The past driver controls the accelerated pedal according to the power needs of the engine, and the accelerated pedal controls the throttle opening through steel wire pull lines. In the EPC system, cancel the previous throttle pull line and use the sensor of the pedal device to replace it. The location data feeded by the engine control unit (ECU) according to the pedal device sensor is calculated to obtain the optimal target spin opening and send a signal to the festival The valve driving motor rotates the anger to this angle.
This is better than pull -line acceleration control, because the electronic throttle is calculated, analyzed, learned about the power needs of the engine by calculating the input signal from the accelerated pedal position, and transforming this information into the turning of the engine through each actuator into the engine's transition. Morning. Due to safety and fuel consumption, when the engine speed needs to be adjusted, the engine control unit may adjust the position of the firing door without accelerating the pedal. The advantage of this structure is that the control unit can limit the position of the throttle according to various needs. (Driver's control, natural consumption, fuel consumption and safety equipment).
Cope control unit also allows additional functions from the engine management system. (Such as the engine speed limit) and other configuration systems (such as braking system and automatic transmission). The engine control unit detects the electronic throttle system to perceive the occurrence of faults and display it by a yellow light light installed in the combination instrument. When the engine starts, the indicator light continues to light up for 3 seconds. If there is no fault memory in the fault memory, or the fault is not detected at this time, the indicator light will be automatically extinguished. If the system has a failure, the engine control unit lits the lights and the fault is memory. The control of the accelerated pedal will respond. If it is completely damaged, the engine speed will not be adjusted. The engine will run at a speed of 1500rpm to ensure that it can be drove to the maintenance station for repair.
5 Electronic accessories Edit
EPC English PARTS CATALOG (electronic accessories directory) refers to the various vehicle components, OE numbers, information, or ordering directory of various vehicle factories.
The electronic directory of automobile accessories is mainly a software that compiled all models, car accessories information and other materials to make it in order to facilitate the convenience of automobile suppliers. Through software, it can easily browse the assembly diagram of all components of the entire car. , Decompose maps, parts, and easy to find parts.
This are mainly used in the country's major. It is very convenient and intuitively let you understand the professional forms, shapes, quantity, installation location, accessories, accessories and parts, and which accessories are connected to the distribution of electrical appliances, the distribution of electrical components, and the distribution of electrical appliances, each plug, which are connected to each plug. Connection, and accessories price. There are also internal pictures of various components, such as engine assembly, generator assembly, etc. There are more clear pictures in it to refer to.
6 Digital EPC Edit

This Economic Personal Computer, the product name is: EPCBOOK, mainly refers to laptop or small notebook. Book reports have long predicted that Easy PC is not a product model launched by Asus, but a new series of PC models. The launch of the E -PC 4G Surf version means that ASUS has been further enriched on the ultra -portable computer product line. Consumers with different positioning can also choose the product that suits them mostly according to their application needs. Therefore, the overall cost performance of Easy PC has further increased, and the choice space of consumers is more abundant.
74G core network editor
(Evolved Packet Core), 4G core network.
EPC has three main parts:
1, MME (Mobility Entity: Responsible for Meaning Processing Part)
2, S-GW (Serving Gateway: Responsible for the local network user data processing department
points) n R n3, P-GW (PDN Gateway: Responsible for the processing of user data packets and other networks)
The access network consists of ENODEB
network interface
s1 interface: ENODEB and EPC X2 interface: ENODEB UU interface: ENODEB and UE
The three major features: Based on a flat network, control the bearing separation, all IP bearing.
The standard introduction background and wireless technology evolution. In December 2004, 3GPP launched the evolutionary project of the full IP group core network at the Greek Athens Conference SAE (System Evolution), and the update at the Wi stage was EPC (ENVOLED PACKET CORE). The 3GPP shows a diverse trend of the evolution and access methods of the full IP network based on future mobile communication networks. [3]
EPC network metrics as follows:

LTE's EPC network mainly includes (SAE_GW, MME) and achieved all IP bearing, flat networks, control and carrying separation, reduced the reduction Each special carrier cost is compatible with the original various network access modes, laying the basic conditions for operators to achieve the intelligent network of intelligent, big data and mobile Internet eras.
8 Disappearing mold casting Edit
Overview
Casting process (EPC) is a foam plastic mold combined with adhesive dried sand. This casting method has less investment, less cost, high accuracy of casting size and smooth surface, greatly reducing labor intensity and improving the operating environment to achieve clean production of cast workshops.
In overall, the current Chinese disappearance technology is still at a lower level in terms of casting complexity and quality. There is still a large gap between technical degree, commodity, and mechanical automation. Advanced industrialized countries have successfully produced complex castings such as cars, cylinder heads and other complex castings, and the productivity is 180/h.

The simple castings such as exhaust pipes, shells, etc., the productivity is only 30 types/hour. There is also a considerable gap in the accuracy and surface roughness of the production casting, but the development prospect of the new technology of disappearing mold casting in my country is very optimistic.

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